Table 6‑1: Summary table of relevant primary and secondary radiations to be quantified by shielding model as a function of radiation effect and mission type

(Part 1 of 2)

Radiation effect	Mission type	Important primary radiations	Important secondary radiations
Total ionising dose	LEO	trapped protons trapped electrons solar protons	X-rays from electrons
	“high MEO” (e.g. navigation constellation)”	trapped electrons solar protons	X-rays from electrons
	“low MEO” (e.g. low altitude communications constellations such as ICO)	trapped protons trapped electrons solar protons	X-rays from electrons
	GEO	low energy trapped protons trapped electrons solar protons	X-rays from electrons
	Interplanetary space	cosmic rays solar energetic particles other planetary trapped-belts (e.g. Jovian)	X-rays from electrons (Jovian)
	Planetary lander	solar energetic particles	secondary protons and neutrons
	Missions involving RTGs or strong radioactive sources	g-rays Neutrons	electrons
Displacement damage	LEO	trapped protons trapped electrons solar protons	secondary neutrons are not usually a concern in these cases.
	MEO	trapped protons (low MEO) trapped electrons solar protons
	GEO	trapped protons (very low energy) trapped electrons solar protons
	Interplanetary space	cosmic rays solar energetic particles other planetary trapped-belts (e.g. Jovian)
	Planetary lander	cosmic rays solar energetic particles	secondary protons and neutrons
	Missions involving RTGs or strong radioactive sources	Neutrons