3.3 Abbreviated terms

For the purpose of this Standard, the abbreviated terms from ECSS-S-ST-00-01 and the following apply:

Abbreviation	Meaning
ADC	analogue-to-digital converter
ALARA	as low as reasonably achievable
APS	active pixel sensor
ASIC	application specific integrated circuit
BFO	blood-forming organ
BiCMOS	bipolar complementary metal oxide semiconductor
BJT	bipolar junction transistor
BRYNTRN	Baryon transport model
BTE	Boltzmann transport equation
CAM/CAF	computerized anatomical man/male / computerized anatomical female
CCD	charge coupled device
CCE	charge collection efficiency
CDR	critical design review
CEPXS/ONELD	One-dimensional Coupled Electron-Photon Multigroup Discrete Coordinates Code System
CERN	European Organisation for Nuclear Research
CGRO	Compton Gamma Ray Observatory
CID	charge injection device
CMOS	complementary metal oxide semiconductor
COMPTEL	CGRO Compton Telescope
COTS	commercial off-the-shelf
CREAM	Cosmic Radiation Effects and Activation Monitor (Space Shuttle experiment)
CEASE	compact environmental anomaly sensor
CREME	cosmic ray effects on microelectronics
CSA	Canadian Space Agency
CSDA	continuous slowing down approximation range
CTE	charge transfer efficiency
CTI	charge transfer inefficiency
CTR	current transfer ratio
CZT	cadmium zinc telluride (semiconductor material)
DAC	digital-to-analogue converter
DD	displacement damage
DDEF	displacement damage equivalent fluence
DDREF	dose and dose rate effectiveness factor
DNA	deoxyribonucleic acid
DOSRAD	software to predict space radiation dose at system and equipment level
DRAM	dynamic random access memory
DSP	digital signal processing
DUT	device under test
EEE	electrical and electronic engineering
EEPROM	electrically erasable programmable read only memory
EGS	Electron Gamma Shower Monte Carlo radiation transport code
ELDRS	enhanced low dose-rate sensitivity
EM	engineering model
EPIC	European Photon Imaging Camera on the ESA X-ray Multi-Mirror (XMM) mission
EPROM	erasable programmable read only memory
ESA	European Space Agency
ESABASE	engineering tool to support spacecraft mission and spacecraft platform design
ESD	electrostatic discharge
EVA	extravehicular activity
FASTRAD	sectoring analysis software for space radiation effects
FLUKA	Fluktuierende Kaskade (Fluctuating Cascade) Monte Carlo radiation transport code
FPGA	field programmable gate array
FM	flight model
GEANT	Geometry and Tracking Monte Carlo radiation transport code
GEO	geostationary Earth orbit
GOES	Geostationary Operational Environment Satellite
GRAS	Geant4 Radiation Analysis for Space
HERMES	3-D Monte Carlo radiation transport simulation code developed by Institut für Kernphysik Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH
HETC	High Energy Transport Code
hFE	current gain of a bipolar transistor in common-emitter configuration
HPGe	high-purity germanium
HZE	particle of high atomic mass and high energy
IBIS	Imager on Board the INTEGRAL Satellite
IC	integrated circuit
ICRP	International Commission on Radiobiological Protection
ICRU	International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements
IGBT	insulated gate bipolar transistor
IML1	International Microgravity Laboratory 1
INTEGRAL	International Gamma Ray Astrophysical Laboratory
IR	infrared
IRPP	integrated rectangular parallelepiped
IRTS	Integrated Radiation Transport Suite
ISO	Infrared Space Observatory
ISOCAM	ISO infrared Camera
ISS	International Space Station
ISSP	International Space Station Program
ITS	Integrated Tiger Series coupled electron-photon radiation transport codes
JAXA	Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency
JFET	junction field effect transistor
LDEF	Long Duration Exposure Facility
LEO	low Earth orbit
LED	light emitting diode
LET	linear energy transfer
LHI	Light Heavy Ion Transport code
LISA	Laser Interferometer Space Antenna
LNT	linear no-threshold
LOCOS	local oxidation of silicon
LWIR	long-wavelength infrared
MCP	microchannel plate
MCNP	Monte Carlo N-Particle Transport Code
MCNPX	Monte Carlo N-Particle Extended Transport Code
MCT	mercury cadmium telluride
MCU	multiple-cell upset
MEMS	micro-electromechanical structure
MEO	medium (altitude) Earth orbit
MICAP	Monte Carlo Ionization Chamber Analysis Package
MMOP	Multilateral Medical Operations Panel
MORSE	Multigroup Oak Ridge Stochastic Experiment – coupled neutron-γ-ray Monte Carlo radiation transport code
MOS	metal oxide semiconductor
MOSFET	metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor
MRHWG	Multilateral Radiation Health Working Group
MULASSIS	Multi-Layered Shielding Simulation Software
MWIR	medium-wavelength infrared
NASA	National Aeronautics and Space Administration
NCRP	National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements
NID	non-ionising dose (identical to TNID)
NIEL	non-ionising energy loss
NMOS	N-channel metal oxide semiconductor
NOVICE	3-D Radiation transport simulation code developed by Experimental and Mathematical Physics Consultants, Gaithersburg, USA
NPN	bipolar junction transistor with P-type base
NUREG	Nuclear Regulatory Commission Regulation
OMERE	Radiation environment and effects code developed by TRAD with the support of CNES
OSSE	CGRO Oriented Scintillator Spectrometer Experiment
PCB	printed circuit board
PCC	part categorization criterion
PDR	preliminary design review
PIXIE	particle-induce X-ray emission
PLL	phase-locked loop
PMOS	P-channel metal oxide semiconductor
PMT	photomultiplier tube
PNP	bipolar junction transistor with N-type base
PNPN	deliberate or parasitic thyristor-like semiconductor structure (containing four, alternating P-type and N-type regions)
PPAC	parallel plate avalanche counter
PSR	Pacific-Sierra Research Corporation
PSTAR	stopping power and range tables for protons
PWM	pulse-width modulator
RBE	relative biological effectiveness
RC	resistor-capacitor
RDM	radiation design margin
RGS	reflection grating spectrometer
RHA	radiation hardness assurance
RPP	rectangular parallelepiped
RSA	Russian Space Agency
RTG	radio-isotope thermoelectric generator
RTS	random telegraph signal
SBD	surface barrier detector
SDRAM	synchronous dynamic random access memory
SHIELDOSE	space shielding radiation dose calculations
SEB	single event burnout
SED	single event disturb
SEDR	single event dielectric rupture
SEE	single event effect
SEFI	single event functional interrupt
SEGR	single event gate rupture
SEHE	single event hard error
SEL	single event latch-up
SEPE	solar energetic particle event
SESB	single event snapback
SET	single event transient
SEU	single event upset
SMART-1	Small Mission for Advanced Research and Technology
SMU	single word multiple-bit upset
SOHO	Solar and Heliospheric Observatory
SOI	silicon-on-insulator
SOS	silicon-on-sapphire
SPE	solar particle event
SPENVIS	Space Environment Information System
SPI	Spectrometer on INTEGRAL
SRAM	static random access memory
SREM	Standard Radiation Environment Monitor
SSAT	Sector Shielding Analysis Tool
STRV	Space Technology Research Vehicle
SV	sensitive volume
SWIR	short wavelength infrared
TID	total ionising dose
TNID	total non-ionising dose
UNSCEAR	United Nation’s Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation
USAF	United States Air Force
UV	ultraviolet
VLSI	very large scale integration
WCA	worst-case analysis
XMM	X-ray Multi Mirror Mission (also known as Newton)